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Safety Unit
Study Guide
I. Terms and definitions:
A. Safety-State or condition of being safe; freedom from danger, risk or injury.
B. Accident-Includes any suddenly occurring, unintentional event which causes
injury or property damage.
C. First aid-Immediate, temporary care given to the victim of an accident or
sudden illness until the services of a physician can be obtained.
II. Colors and application
of the safety color code.
A. Federal safety red-the basic color for the identification of:
1. Fire protection equipment and apparatus.
2. Portable containers of flammable liquids.
3. Emergency stop bars, stop buttons, and emergency electrical stop switches
on machinery.
B. Federal safety yellow-the basic color for designating:
1. Caution and for marking physical hazards.
2. Waste containers for explosive or combustible materials.
3. Caution against starting, using, or moving equipment under repair.
4. Identification of the starting point or power source of machinery.
C. Federal safety orange–the basic color for designating:
1. Dangerous parts of machines.
2. Safety starter buttons.
3. The exposed parts (edges only) of pulleys, gears, rollers, butting
devices, and power jaws.
D. Federal safety purple-the basic color for designating:
1. Radiation hazards.
E. Federal safety green-the basic color for designating:
1. Safety.
2. Location of first aid equipment. (NOTE: This applies to equipment
other than fire fighting equipment.)
F. Federal safety black and white (used individually or in combination)-the
basic colors for designating:
1. Traffic flow.
2. Housekeeping purposes.
III. Personal safety rules:
A. Wear shop clothing appropriate for the instructional activity being performed.
B. Confine long hair before operating rotating equipment.
C. Always wear safety glasses; use suitable helmets and goggles for welding.
D. Remove ties when working around machine tools or rotating equipment.
E. Remove rings and other jewelry when working in the shop.
F. Conduct yourself in a manner conducive to safe shop practices.
G. Use soap and water frequently as a method of preventing skin disease.
IV. General safety rules:
A. Keep all hand tools sharp, clean and in safe working order.
B. Report any defective tools, machines or other equipment to the instructor.
C. Retain all guards and safety devices except with the specific authorization
of the instructor.
D. Operate a hazardous machine only after receiving instruction on how to operate
the machine safely.
E. Report all accidents to the instructor regardless of nature or severity.
F. Turn off the power and make certain the machine has stopped running before
leaving.
G. Make sure all guards and barriers are in place and adjusted properly before
starting a machine tool.
H. Disconnect the power from machine tools before performing the maintenance
task of oiling or cleaning.
I. Use solvent only after determining its properties, what kind of work it has
to do, and how to use it.
J. Use correct properly fitting wrenches for nuts, bolts, and objects to be
turned or held.
K. Keep the shop or laboratory floor clean of scraps and litter.
L. Clean up any spilled liquids immediately.
M. Oily rags or oil waste should be stored in metal containers.
N. Clean the chips from a machine with a brush—not with a rag or the bare
hands.
O. Do not use compressed air to clean your person or clothing.
V. Methods used to maintain
a clean and orderly shop:
A. Arrange machinery and equipment to permit safe, efficient work practices
and ease in cleaning.
B. Stack materials and supplies safely or store in proper place.
C. Store tools and accessories safely in cabinets, on racks, or in other suitable
devices.
D. Clear working areas and work benches of debris and other hazards.
E. Clean and free floors from obstructions and slippery substances.
F. Free aisles, traffic areas, and exits of materials and other debris.
G. Dispose of combustible materials properly or store in approved containers.
H. Store oily rags in self-closing or spring-lid metal containers.
I. Know the proper procedures to follow in keeping the work area clean and orderly.
J. Keep a sufficient number of brooms, brushes, and other housekeeping equipment
readily available.
VI. Classes of fires:
A. Class A—Fires that occur in ordinary combustible materials such as
wood, rags and rubbish.
B. Class B—Fires that occur with flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil,
grease, paints, and thinners.
C. Class C—Fires that occur in or near electrical equipment such as motors,
switchboards, and electrical wiring.
D. Class D—Fires that occur with combustible metals such as magnesium.
VII. Components of the fire
triangle:
A. Fuel—Any combustible material.
B. Heat—Enough to raise the fuel to its ignition temperature.
C. Oxygen—Necessary to sustain combustion (NOTE: to produce fire these
three elements are necessary and must be present at the same time. If any one
of the three is missing, a fire cannot be started; with the removal of any of
them, the fire will be extinguished.)
VIII. Types of fire extinguishers:
A. Pressurized water—Operates usually by squeezing a handle or trigger;
used on Class A fires.
B. Soda acid—Operates by turning extinguisher upside down; used on Class
A fires.
C. Carbon dioxide (CO2)—Usually operates by squeezing handle or trigger;
used on Class B and C fires.
D. Dry chemical—Operates usually by squeezing a handle, trigger, or lever;
used on Class B, C and D fires. (NOTE: On Class D fires, dry sand is as effective
as any dry chemical other than Purple X. The cost of the Purple X chemical places
it out of reach of most shops.)
E. Foam—Operates by turning extinguisher upside down; used on Class A
and B fires.